The X11 driver gma500_gfx1) was conflicting with the VESA driver. Uninstalling xorg-x11-drv-vesa-* did solve the problem. Now xrandr does also show the HDMI line and the monitor setup was successful.
There is a bug in a Linux kernel 3.8 and 3.9 module regarding the SD card reader (Realtek RTS5209). But compiling and installing Linux kernel 3.10 solves the problem.