…did get it working with the following kernel parameters:

• mem=1920mb (reserves more memory space to graphics card)
• SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 (avoids error “Font True not found”)
• clocksource=acpi_pm (avoids error "tsc: Fast TSC calibration failed")
• acpi_backlight=vendor (allows backlight brightness adjustement)
• acpi_osi=Linux

and this:

1. The X11 driver gma500_gfx¹⁾ was conflicting with the VESA driver. Uninstalling xorg-x11-drv-vesa-* did solve the problem. Now xrandr does also show the HDMI line and the monitor setup was successful.
2. There is a bug in a Linux kernel 3.8 and 3.9 module regarding the SD card reader (Realtek RTS5209). But compiling and installing Linux kernel 3.10 solves the problem.